画家：查尔斯.兰西尔 Charles Landseer (1799-1879)

作品：游园惊梦

种类：水彩

尺寸：40.50cm×33.60cm 无签名

编号：WC150317ACWW02

查尔斯.兰西尔于1799年出生在英国伦敦，是雕刻家约翰.兰西尔（1769-1852）的次子，著名的动物题材画家埃德温.兰西尔爵士（1802-1873）是其兄长。查尔斯曾跟随父亲和画家本杰明.罗伯特.海登（1786-1846）学习绘画。1815年，他的绘画作品为其赢得了英国皇家艺术学院的银调色板奖。1816年，查尔斯进入皇家艺术学院，并师从瑞士画家亨利.富斯利（1741-1825）。1823年，他陪同外交官查尔斯.斯图尔特.德.罗斯泰爵士（1779-1845）前往葡萄牙和巴西进行外交访问。在旅途中，查尔斯创作了许多绘画作品，并于1828年在英国学会展出。1837年，成为皇家艺术学院的副教授。1845年，成为学院院士。1851年至1873年期间，他被任命为皇家学院的管理者，并教授古典派绘画。1879年7月22日，查尔斯在伦敦去世，并将1万英镑遗赠予皇家艺术学院，以作为奖学金。

查尔斯擅长使用油画和水彩描绘历史题材，其大部分作品取材于英国历史和文学。同时，他很注重作品中配件和细节的历史准确性。作品《游园惊梦》的创作题材源自于18世纪中叶英国感伤主义作家劳伦斯.斯泰恩的代表作《感伤的旅行》。该作品的油画完成稿现收藏于英国维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆（收藏编号FA.104[O]）。这幅作品可能是油画的水彩稿。因为水彩设色便捷，所以当时为了能更精准地完成油画作品，大多数画家都会使用水彩做创作辅助工具。从这可以看出，画家对作品精益求精的创作追求。这幅水彩作品精准地还原了小说内容：“可怜的玛利亚坐在杨树下......手肘杵在她的腿上......而她的头靠在一边......穿着白衣”。作品中，玛利亚体态柔美而丰腴，面容端庄而俏丽，但她微闭的双眼和下沉的嘴角显露出了她的哀伤。似乎她的宠物也感受到了主人的情绪，转过头来担忧地望着她。作品以黄棕色为主色调，黄灰色的天空、深棕色的树木和枯黄的草地皆营造出了一种萧瑟、冷寂的氛围。这幅作品色调统一、和谐，笔触松弛而流畅，画面呈现出了一丝悲凉的诗意。

现如今，其部分作品收藏于英国的博物馆和机构中，包括英国皇家艺术学院、英国国家海事博物馆、维多利亚和阿尔伯特博物馆、泰特美术馆、布里斯托尔博物馆与美术馆、索尔福德博物馆与美术馆、桑德兰博物馆与冬季花园、费伦斯美术馆和索利哈尔大都会自治市议政厅。

其众多作品都在拍卖会上高价售出，其中作品《鸽子回到避难所》在2003年伦敦佳士得的“福布斯藏品：维多利亚时代的绘画和艺术作品”拍卖会上售出，成交价为$ 212,436。

Charles Landseer was born in London on 12 August 1799, the second son of the engraver John Landseer, and the elder brother of the animal painter, Sir Edwin Landseer. He trained under his father, and the painter Benjamin Robert Haydon. He was awarded the silver palette of the Royal Society of Arts for a drawing of Laocoon in 1815, and in 1816 he entered the Royal Academy Schools where he was taught by Henry Fuseli. In 1823 he accompanied Sir Charles Stuart de Rothesay on a diplomatic mission to Portugal and Brazil. Many of the drawings he made on the journey were shown at the British Institution in 1828. He became an associate in of the Royal Academy in 1837, and a full academician in 1845. In 1851, he was appointed Keeper of the Royal Academy, a post requiring him to teach in the "Antique School". He remained in the position until 1873. He died in London on 22 July 1879, leaving 10,000 guineas to the Royal Academy to fund scholarships.

Most of his pictures were of subjects from British history, or from literature. He paid close attention to the historical accuracy of the accessories and details in his paintings. The subject of Maria comes from Irish novelist Laurence Sterne's novel A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy (1768). The oil painting version of the work is now collected by Victoria and Albert Museum (Museum number: FA.104[O]). Because of the convenience of watercolour, most painters used watercolour as an auxiliary tool of creation in order to finish the paintings more accurately. This watercolour painting depicts, 'poor Maria sitting under a poplar...with her elbow in her lap…and her head leaning on one side…dressed in white'. In the work, Maria is graceful and plump, and her face is dignified and pretty. While, her slightly closed eyes reveal her sorrow. It seems that her pet also feels her sorrow. It turns around and looks at her with concern. The painting mainly employs yellow-brown color. Yellow-gray sky, dark brown trees and yellow grass create a bleak, cold and quiet atmosphere.

Some of his works are now collected by British museums and institutions, including Royal Academy of Arts, National Maritime Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Tate, Bristol Museum & Art Gallery, Salford Museum & Art Gallery, Sunderland Museum & Winter Gardens, Ferens Art Gallery and Solihull Metropolitan Borough Council.

Many works by the artist have been sold at auction, including 'The Return of the Dove to the Ark' sold at Christie's London 'The Forbes Collection of Victorian Pictures and Works of Art' in 2003 for $212,436.